- Foundation
Structural base that transfers building loads to soil.
- Reinforcement
Steel elements that increase concrete tensile capacity.
- Concrete grade
Specified compressive strength class of concrete.
- Waterproofing
Barrier systems preventing water penetration.
- Wet-area drain slope
Floor fall geometry directing water to drains.
- Floor trap
Drain element with seal preventing sewer odors.
- Roof slope
Planned roof gradient for reliable water runoff.
- Emergency overflow drain
Backup roof drainage path during heavy rain.
- Plumbing rough-in
Early installation of water supply and drainage lines.
- Electrical rough-in
Conduits, cable routes, and panel prep before finishes.
- Low-voltage systems
Data, security, automation, and communication wiring.
- Building envelope
External shell separating interior from climate.
- Glazing level
Performance and quality tier of glass systems.
- Facade finish
Visible exterior finish system and detailing.
- Site drainage
Ground-level water management around the building.
- Soil type
Ground condition category used for design factors.
- Site access
Logistic difficulty of delivering labor and materials.
- Setting-out
Transfer of building axes and reference geometry onto the site.
- Survey benchmark
Protected survey reference used for levels and positional control.
- Plinth
Lower facade zone that meets ground, splash water, and hardscape.
- Movement joint
Joint detail allowing controlled movement between building elements or finishes.
- Sealant joint
Flexible sealed joint used to close and protect movement-sensitive interfaces.
- Lighting driver
Electrical component that regulates power for LED luminaires.
- Climate exposure
Environmental stress conditions such as rain and salt.
- Commissioning
Integrated testing and handover readiness checks.
- Mechanical ventilation
Fan-assisted supply or extract air system used when natural airflow is not enough.
- Fresh-air supply
Controlled intake of outdoor air into occupied spaces.
- Split air conditioner
Cooling system with separated indoor and outdoor units connected by refrigerant and drain lines.
- Ducted air conditioning
Cooling system distributing conditioned air through ducts, plenums, and air terminals.
- Condensate drain
Drainage path that removes water formed during cooling operation.
- ERV / heat-recovery ventilation
Balanced ventilation system that exchanges indoor and outdoor air with heat or energy recovery.
- Airflow balancing
Measurement and adjustment of air volumes so a ventilation system performs as intended.
- Diffuser and air terminal
Visible air outlet or inlet that shapes how air enters or leaves a room.
- Return air
Air path that allows room air to travel back to HVAC equipment for recirculation or treatment.
- Thermostat
Room control device that senses temperature and tells cooling or ventilation equipment how to respond.
- Filter access
Service clearance and access route needed to inspect, remove, and replace HVAC filters safely.
- Indoor air quality
Practical measure of how healthy, comfortable, and usable indoor air feels for occupants.
- As-built documentation
Final record set showing what was actually installed, routed, adjusted, and handed over on site.
- Operations and maintenance manual
Handover document set explaining how installed systems should be operated, serviced, and maintained.
- Opening flashing
Water-shedding detail around windows and exterior doors that keeps rain out of the wall assembly.
- Moisture bridge
Unwanted path that lets moisture bypass a protection layer and move into the building fabric.
- Substrate preparation
Cleaning, leveling, priming, moisture control, and compatibility checks before finish materials are installed.
- Screed
Floor leveling or base layer that sets height, falls, flatness, and support for final floor finishes.
- Plaster tolerance
Accepted flatness, plumbness, and alignment quality for plastered walls before finishes and joinery.
- Finish joint
Visible or concealed joint where finish materials meet, terminate, or allow movement.
- Load path
Continuous route by which gravity, wind, and other forces move through the structure into the foundation.
- Concrete cover
Distance between reinforcement and concrete surface that protects steel and helps structural performance.
- Concrete curing
Post-pour moisture and temperature control that helps concrete develop strength and durability.
- Formwork
Temporary mould and support system that holds wet concrete in the required shape until it can carry itself.
- Construction joint
Joint formed where concrete placement stops and later continues, requiring structural and waterproofing continuity.
- Concrete honeycombing
Voids or rough porous zones in concrete caused by poor compaction, congestion, leakage, or placement defects.
- Anchor bolt
Embedded or post-installed fixing used to transfer forces between concrete, steel, equipment, or facade elements.
- Slab deflection
Vertical movement or sag of a slab under load that can affect structure, finishes, partitions, and drainage.
- Pool type
Selected technical pool concept (skimmer or overflow).